{"id":19471,"date":"2026-11-02T22:12:53","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T21:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.peterfreundlaw.be\/?p=19471"},"modified":"2026-11-02T22:12:53","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T21:12:53","slug":"detention-hearing-belgium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.peterfreundlaw.be\/en\/detention-hearing-belgium\/","title":{"rendered":"Detention hearing in Belgium: what happens at the council chamber?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>At a detention hearing in Belgium, a judge of the council chamber (raadkamer) decides behind closed doors whether detention continues after an arrest warrant. The first hearing falls within five days of the warrant being executed. A new hearing follows after one month, and later every two months. The family waits outside; the lawyer is your point of contact.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-happens-at-the-council-chamber-hearing\">What happens at the council chamber hearing?<\/h2>\n<p>The council chamber checks whether the arrest warrant is lawful and decides whether detention is still needed, and in what form.<\/p>\n<p>The judge first hears the public prosecutor (procureur des Konings). Then the suspect and his lawyer speak.<\/p>\n<p>The council chamber can do three things:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>keep the detention, in prison or under electronic monitoring;<\/li>\n<li>release the suspect under conditions or on payment of a security deposit (borgsom);<\/li>\n<li>release the suspect without conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There is no separate bail hearing in Belgium. The security deposit is one of the options the council chamber weighs at this same hearing.<\/p>\n<p>If the council chamber keeps the detention, it must give reasons based on the concrete circumstances of the case.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"who-is-in-the-room-and-who-is-not\">Who is in the room, and who is not<\/h2>\n<p>In the room are the judge, the court clerk (griffier), the public prosecutor, the suspect and his lawyer. The family may not attend the hearing.<\/p>\n<p>The hearing is not public. That protects the investigation and the presumption of innocence.<\/p>\n<p>For the family this often means waiting in the corridor of the courthouse.<\/p>\n<p>Your family member is usually brought from the prison to the hearing.<\/p>\n<p>It is normal that you see little. Your lawyer can tell you after the hearing how it went.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-rhythm-five-days-one-month-two-months\">The rhythm: five days, one month, two months<\/h2>\n<p>After the arrest warrant, a fixed rhythm of hearings follows for as long as the detention lasts and the investigation runs.<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin:0 0 1.5em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;background:#F7FAFC\">Hearing<\/th>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;background:#F7FAFC\">When<\/th>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;background:#F7FAFC\">Valid until the next hearing<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top\">First hearing<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top\">Within five days of the arrest warrant being executed<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top\">One month<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top\">Second and third decision<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top\">Each time before the end of that month<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top\">One month<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top\">From the fourth decision<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top\">Each time before the end of the term<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #D8E0E5;padding:8px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top\">Two months<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>At each hearing the council chamber can decide again whether detention is still necessary.<\/p>\n<p>We wrote earlier about the two-month rule in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peterfreundlaw.be\/en\/pre-trial-detention-two-month-extension-only-after-fourth-appearance\/\">the two-month extension only after the fourth appearance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-a-detention-hearing-in-belgium-goes-step-by-step\">How a detention hearing in Belgium goes, step by step<\/h2>\n<p>Every hearing follows the same four steps, from the notice to the decision.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"step-1-the-notice\">Step 1: The notice<\/h3>\n<p>At least 24 hours before the hearing, the suspect and his lawyer are told the place, day and time.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"step-2-access-to-the-file\">Step 2: Access to the file<\/h3>\n<p>Before the first hearing the file is open to the suspect and his lawyer on the last working day; before later hearings, for two days.<\/p>\n<p>That is short. A lawyer must read the file quickly and discuss it with the suspect.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"step-3-the-hearing\">Step 3: The hearing<\/h3>\n<p>The prosecutor gives his position, then the lawyer pleads. The suspect can also say something himself.<\/p>\n<p>The hearing in Flanders is in Dutch. A suspect who does not understand Dutch can ask for an interpreter.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"step-4-the-decision-and-formal-service\">Step 4: The decision and formal service<\/h3>\n<p>The council chamber decides, and the decision is formally served (betekend) on the suspect. From that service, his time limit for an appeal runs.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-the-family-can-do-before-the-hearing\">What the family can do before the hearing<\/h2>\n<p>The family helps most by giving the lawyer, in time, details that make a release under conditions credible.<\/p>\n<p>Think of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a fixed address in Belgium where your family member can live;<\/li>\n<li>proof of work, studies or a concrete job offer;<\/li>\n<li>the name of a doctor or service that can start counselling or treatment;<\/li>\n<li>practical details about children or people who depend on him.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Such details say something about the risk of flight or reoffending. Those are among the risks the judge looks at.<\/p>\n<p>For an expat family, ties to Belgium matter here: a lease, a Belgian employer, children at school.<\/p>\n<p>Give these details to the lawyer, not to the judge. Do not contact witnesses either.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"appeal-to-the-indictment-chamber\">Appeal to the indictment chamber<\/h2>\n<p>A decision of the council chamber can be appealed within 24 hours to the indictment chamber (kamer van inbeschuldigingstelling), a chamber of the court of appeal (hof van beroep).<\/p>\n<p>That appeal is open to the suspect and to the public prosecutor. For the prosecutor the time limit runs from the decision, for the suspect from the formal service.<\/p>\n<p>The indictment chamber must decide within 15 days of the appeal. If it does not, the suspect is released.<\/p>\n<p>If the council chamber releases your family member and the prosecutor appeals, your family member as a rule stays in detention until that ruling.<\/p>\n<p>An appeal does not always make sense. It can also lengthen the procedure, so discuss it with your lawyer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Which law applies?<\/strong> The hearings of the council chamber follow the Pre-trial Detention Act of 20 July 1990 (Wet voorlopige hechtenis), which still applies next to the new Criminal Code.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"who-sits-in-the-council-chamber\">Who sits in the council chamber?<\/h3>\n<p>A judge of the court of first instance (rechtbank van eerste aanleg), assisted by a court clerk. It is not the investigating judge who issued the arrest warrant.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"can-the-hearing-ever-be-public\">Can the hearing ever be public?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, at the suspect&#8217;s request, after a longer detention: after six months for offences up to penalty level 4, otherwise after a year. The judge can refuse only on legal grounds. The levels are explained in our post on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peterfreundlaw.be\/en\/new-criminal-code-new-penalties-for-companies-and-business-executives-and-division-into-levels\/\">the penalty levels of the new Criminal Code<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"what-happens-if-the-council-chamber-orders-release\">What happens if the council chamber orders release?<\/h3>\n<p>Your family member is released, possibly under conditions. The prosecutor can appeal within 24 hours. That is why the release sometimes does not happen at once.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"does-my-family-member-have-to-speak-at-the-hearing\">Does my family member have to speak at the hearing?<\/h3>\n<p>He may, but he does not have to. What he says is best discussed with his lawyer beforehand.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"contact-our-office-about-the-council-chamber\">Contact our office about the council chamber<\/h2>\n<p>The council chamber decides on the basis of the file and what is said at the hearing. Good preparation with the right details counts.<\/p>\n<p>Our office assists suspects in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peterfreundlaw.be\/en\/laywer-antwerp\/criminal-law\/\">criminal cases in Antwerp<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Call our office on working days on +32 476 22 04 02, or send us a message through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peterfreundlaw.be\/en\/contact\/\">contact form<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Who sits in the council chamber?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"A judge of the court of first instance (rechtbank van eerste aanleg), assisted by a court clerk. 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The family waits outside; the lawyer is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-criminal-law","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Detention hearing in Belgium: the council chamber explained<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What happens at a detention hearing in Belgium? 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